CE

Kulemba kwa CE ndi chizindikiritso cholozera pazogulitsa zina zomwe zimagulitsidwa mu European Economic Area (EEA) kuyambira 1985. Chizindikiro cha CE chimapezekanso pazogulitsa kunja kwa EEA zomwe zimapangidwa, kapena zimapangidwa kuti zigulitsidwe, EEA. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chizindikiridwe cha CE chizindikirike padziko lonse lapansi ngakhale kwa anthu omwe sakudziwa bwino zachuma ku Europe. Muli m'lingaliro lomweli lofanana ndi FCC Kulengeza kwa Kusintha yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zamagetsi zomwe zikugulitsidwa ku United States.

Chizindikiro cha CE ndikulengeza kwa wopanga kuti malonda amakwaniritsa zofunikira za EC.

Chizindikirocho chili ndi logo ya CE ndipo ngati chikufunika, manambala anayi azindikiritso a Thupi Lodziwitsidwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndikuwunika.

"CE" idayamba ngati chidule cha Kusintha Européenne, kutanthauza Mgwirizano waku Europe, koma sinafotokozeredwe motere m'malamulo oyenera. Chizindikiro cha CE ndichizindikiro cha kutsika kwaulere ku European Economic Area (Msika Wamkati).

kutanthauza

Zomwe zilipo momwe zidakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 1985, kuyikira kwa CE kukuwonetsa kuti wopanga kapena wofunsa katunduyo akuti akutsatira malamulo oyenerera a EU wogwira ntchito pazogulitsa, mosasamala kanthu komwe adapangidwa. Mwa kukhazikitsa chizindikiro cha CE pachinthu, wopanga akulengeza, ndiudindo wake, kutsatira zonse zofunikira zamalamulo kuti akwaniritse chizindikiro cha CE chomwe chimalola kuyenda kwaulere ndi kugulitsa kwa malonda m'dera lonse la European Economic Area.

Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zambiri zamagetsi zimayenera kutsatira Low Voltage Directive ndi EMC Directive; zoseweretsa ziyenera kutsatira Lamulo la Chitetezo cha Matoyi. Kulemba chizindikiro sikukutanthauza kupanga kwa EEA kapena kuti chinthu chovomerezedwa ndi EU kapena ndi bungwe lina. Zofunikira za EU zitha kuphatikizira chitetezo, thanzi, komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe, ndipo, ngati zingafotokozeredwe pamalamulo aliwonse a EU, kuwunikiridwa ndi Thupi Lodziwitsidwa kapena kupanga malinga ndi mtundu wotsimikizika wopanga. Chizindikiro cha CE chikuwonetsanso kuti malonda ake amatsatira malangizo okhudzana ndi 'Electro Magnetic Compatibility' - kutanthauza kuti chipangizocho chidzagwira ntchito monga momwe amafunira, osasokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo china chilichonse.

Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimafunikira chizindikiro cha CE kuti zigulitsidwe mu EEA; Magulu azogulitsa okha malinga ndi malangizo kapena malangizo ofunikira ndi omwe amafunikira (ndikuloledwa) kunyamula chizindikiro cha CE. Zambiri zomwe zidalembedwa ndi CE zitha kuyikidwa pamsika pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati pali makina owongolera mkati (Module A; onani Kudzizindikiritsa, pansipa), popanda cheke chodziyimira pawokha chofananira cha malonda ndi malamulo a EU; ANEC yachenjeza kuti, mwazinthu zina, kuyika chizindikiro ku CE sikungakhale ngati "chitetezo" kwa ogula.

Kuyika chizindikiro cha CE ndi njira yodzizindikiritsira nokha. Ogulitsa nthawi zina amatchula zinthu monga "CE idavomereza", koma chizindikirocho sichimatanthauza kuvomereza. Mitundu ina yazogulitsa imafunikira kuyesa kwamtundu wodziyimira payokha kuti iwonetsetse kuti zikugwirizana ndi ukadaulo woyenera, koma kudzilemba kwa CE pakokha sikukutsimikizira kuti izi zachitika.

Mayiko omwe akufuna chizindikiro cha CE

Kuzindikiritsa kwa CE ndikofunikira kwa magulu ena ogulitsa mu European Economic Area (EEA; mayiko 28 omwe ali mamembala a EU kuphatikiza EFTA mayiko a Iceland, Norway ndi Liechtenstein) kuphatikiza Switzerland ndi Turkey. Opanga zinthu zopangidwa mkati mwa EEA ndi omwe amalowetsa kunja komwe kumayiko ena akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti katundu wolembedwa ndi CE akutsata miyezo.

Pofika chaka cha 2013 CE kuyika chizindikiro sikunafunike ndi mayiko a Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), koma mamembala a Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, ndi Montenegro anafunsira umembala wa European Union, ndipo anali kutsatira zambiri mwa malamulo awo (monganso momwe mayiko ena aku Central Europe omwe anali mamembala a CEFTA omwe adalowa nawo EU, asanalowe nawo).

Malamulo oyambira kulembedwa kwa CE

Udindo wolemba chizindikiritso cha CE umagona ndi aliyense amene amakagulitsa pamsika ku EU, mwachitsanzo wopanga wopanga EU, wogulitsa kapena wogulitsa chinthu chopangidwa kunja kwa EU, kapena ofesi ya EU yopanga yopanga EU.

Wopanga chiphaso chimayimitsa CE koma amayenera kuchita zinthu zina zogwirizana ndi kalembera wake asanakhaleko. Wopangayo akuyenera kuwunikira, kukhazikitsa fayilo yaukadaulo ndikusayina Chikalata chofotokozedwa ndi malamulo otsogola pankhaniyo. Zolemba ziyenera kupezeka kwa aboma pofunsa.

Otsatsa omwe akuyenera kutsatsa akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti wopanga kunja kwa EU wacita zofunikira ndikuti zolembedwazo zikupezeka mukapempha. Zowunikira ziyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana ndi wopanga kumatha kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse.

Ogulitsa akuyenera kuwonetsa kwa maulamuliro adziko kuti achita mosamala ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi chitsimikiziro kuchokera kwa wopanga kapena wogulitsa kunja kuti zofunikira zachitidwa.

Ngati olowa kapena ogulitsa amagulitsa malondawo pansi pa dzina lawo, amatenga udindo wopanga. Poterepa ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira pamapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake, chifukwa adzakhala akugwira ntchito mwalamulo akakhazikitsa chizindikirocho.

Pali malamulo ena omwe amatsata chizindikirocho:

• Zogulitsa zomwe zimayikidwa ku malangizo ena a EU kapena malamulo a EU operekera chizindikiro cha CE ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi chizindikiro cha CE zisanayikidwe pamsika.
• Opanga amayenera kuyang'ana, paudindo wawo wokhawo, omwe malamulo a EU afunika kutsatira pazogulitsa zawo.
• Zogulitsa zitha kuyikidwa pamsika pokhapokha ngati zikugwirizana ndi malangizo onse oyendetsera ndi malangizo komanso ngati machitidwe oyeserera achita mogwirizana.
• Wopangayo alengeza za EU zakuvuma kapena zonena kuti zikuyenda bwino (za Zogulitsa Zomangamanga) ndikuyika zikwangwani za CE pazogulitsa.
• Ngati zalembedwa mu malangizo (malamulo) kapena malamulo, gulu lachitatu lovomerezeka (Gulu Lodziwitsidwa) liyenera kutenga nawo mbali pakuwunika kapena kukhazikitsa dongosolo labwino.
• Ngati chizindikiritso cha CE ndichilembeka pa chinthu, chikhoza kukhala ndi zolemba zowonjezera pokhapokha ngati ndizosiyana, musangodutsanso ndi chikhomo cha CE ndipo sichisokoneza komanso chisalepheretse kuwonekera kwa chizindikirocho cha CE.

Popeza kukwaniritsa kutsatira kumatha kukhala kovuta kwambiri, kuwunika kwaEC-kuwunika, kuwerengeredwa ndi gulu lazidziwitso, ndikofunikira kwambiri munthawi yonse yolemba-CE, kuchokera pakatsimikizidwe kapangidwe, ndikukhazikitsa fayilo yaukadaulo mpaka kulengeza kwa EU.

Kudzidziwitsa

Kutengera ndi chiwopsezo cha malonda, kuyikira kwa CE kumayikidwa pazinthu zopangidwa ndi wopanga kapena wovomerezeka yemwe angaganize ngati mankhwalawo akukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zolembera. Ngati malonda ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri, akhoza kudzipatsa okha umboni wopanga ndikulengeza kuti zikugwirizana ndi zomwe akupanga. Pofuna kudzitsimikizira, wopanga ayenera kuchita zinthu zingapo:

1. Sankhani ngati malonda akufunika kukhala ndi chizindikilo cha CE ndipo ngati mankhwalawo agwiranso ntchito kuzowongolera zowonjezerapo chimodzi amafunika kutsatira zonsezo.

2. Sankhani njira zakuyendera kuchokera kumagulu omwe atchulidwa ndi zomwe akupangidwazo. Pali ma module angapo omwe akupezeka mu Njira Zowerengera za Conformity monga zalembedwa pansipa:

• Gawo A - Kuwongolera kwa kupanga kwamkati.
• Gawo B - Mayeso a EC.
• Gawo C - Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe.
• Gawo D - Kupanga chitsimikizo.
• Gawo E - chitsimikizo cha zinthu.
• Gawo F - Kutsimikizira kwazinthu.
• Gawo G - Kutsimikizira kwa chipinda.
• Gawo H - Chitsimikizo chamtundu wonse.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimafunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi malonda kuti agawane mulingo wa chiopsezo kenako ndikulozera pa tchati cha "Njira Zoyesera Kafukufuku". Izi zikuwonetsa zosankha zonse zovomerezeka zomwe wopanga angatsimikizire zomwe zagulitsidwazo ndikukhomera chizindikiro cha CE.

Zogulitsa zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa payokha ndi gulu lazidziwitso. Ichi ndi bungwe lomwe lidasankhidwa ndi membala wa membala ndipo lidauzidwa ndi European Commission. Mabungwe odziwikirawa amakhala ngati mayeso amakalondedwe ndipo amatsata njira monga momwe zalembedwera pamalangizo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndipo adasankha ngati chinthucho chadutsa. Wopanga atha kusankha gulu lake lolembetsedwa ku membala aliyense wa European Union koma ayenera kuyimilira pa wopanga ndi bungwe lazaboma kapena bungwe laboma.

Kwenikweni njira yodzidziwitsira yokha ili ndi magawo otsatirawa:

Gawo 1: Dziwani zolemba zofunikira

Gawo loyamba ndikuzindikira ngati nyengoyi ikufunika kubala chizindikiro cha CE kapena ayi. Sikuti zinthu zonse zomwe zimafunikira kubereka chizindikiro cha CE, ndizogulitsa zokha zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malangizo amodzi omwe amafunikira kulemba chizindikiro kwa CE. Pali zowongolera zopitilira 20 zamagulu zomwe zimafunikira chophimba cha CE, koma osati zochepa, zinthu monga zida zamagetsi, makina, zida zamankhwala, zoseweretsa, zida zapanikizidwe, PPE, zida zopanda zingwe ndi zinthu zomanga.

Kuzindikira omwe akuwongolera omwe angagwire ntchito, popeza akhoza kukhala ochulukirapo, pamafunikira masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amawerengera malangizo amtundu uliwonse kuti akhazikitse zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitikazo (Chitsanzo cha kukula kwa Low Voltage Directive pansipa). Ngati chithandizocho sichikuwongoleredwa ndi malangizo aliwonse azigawo, ndiye kuti sikuyenera kukhala ndi chilembedwe cha CE (ndipo, sikuyenera kukhala ndi chizindikilo cha CE).

Directive ya Voltage Yotsika (2006/95 / EC)

Gawo 1 limafotokoza zomwe zikupezeka pankhaniyi "Zipangizo zilizonse zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa 50 ndi 1000 V ya AC komanso pakati pa 75 ndi 1500 V ya DC, kupatula zida ndi zochitika zomwe zalembedwa mu Annex II."

Gawo lachiwiri: Dziwani zofunikira za Maupangiri

Direction iliyonse imakhala ndi njira zingapo zowonetsera kutengera mtundu wamalonda ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Direction iliyonse imakhala ndi 'zofunika zambiri' zomwe malonda amayenera kukwaniritsa asanaikidwe pamsika.

Njira zabwino zowonetsera kuti zofunikira izi zakwaniritsidwa ndikukumana ndi zofunikira za 'mgwirizano wophatikizika,' womwe umapereka fanizo lotsatira zofunikira, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo nthawi zambiri kumakhalabe mwakufuna. Miyezo yolumikizana imatha kudziwika posaka 'Official Journal' patsamba la European Commission, kapena pochezera tsamba la New Approach lokhazikitsidwa ndi European Commission ndi EFTA ndi European Standardization Organisation.

Gawo 3: Sankhani njira yoyenera yochitira izi

Ngakhale njirayi nthawi zonse imakhala yodziwonetsera yokha, pali njira zingapo zaumboni zogwirizana malinga ndi Malangizo ndi mtundu wa malonda. Zida zina (monga zida zamankhwala zowononga, kapena ma alarm a moto ndi zida zozimitsira moto), pamlingo wina wake, zimakhala ndi zofunikira pakuchita nawo gulu lachitatu kapena "gulu lodziwitsidwa".

Pali njira zingapo zotsimikizira zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuyesa kwa wopanga.
• Kuyesa kwa wopanga, ndi zofunika zina zowunikira zoyang'anira fakitale kuti zichitike ndi gulu lachitatu.
• Kuyesedwa ndi gulu lachitatu (mwachitsanzo, mayeso a EC mtundu), ndikofunikira kuti ziwonetsedwe zofunikira zowonetsedwa ndi gulu lachitatu.

Gawo 4: Kuunika kwakugwirizana kwa malonda

Zofunikira zonse zikakhazikitsidwa, mgwirizano wamalonda pazofunikira za Directive (s) ziyenera kuyesedwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuyesa ndi / kapena kuyesa, ndipo zingaphatikizepo kuwunika kwa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu gawo lachiwiri.

Gawo 5: Phatikizani zolemba zaukadaulo

Zolemba zaukadaulo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa fayilo yaukadaulo, yokhudzana ndi malonda kapena mtundu wazogulitsa zimayenera kupangidwa. Chidziwitsochi chiyenera kufotokozera chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kufanana ndikuyenera kuphatikiza tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kazinthu.

Zolemba zamakalata nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo
• Zojambula, zithunzi zojambula ndi zithunzi
• Bill wazinthu
• Fotokozerani ndipo, ngati pakufunika, chilengezo cha EU chotsatira za zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Zambiri zamawonekedwe aliwonse
• Malipoti a mayeso ndi / kapena kuwunika
• malangizo
• Chivomerezo cha EU chogwirizana
• Zolemba zaukadaulo zitha kupezeka mwanjira iliyonse (mwachitsanzo pepala kapena zamagetsi) ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa kwa zaka 10 pambuyo popanga gawo lomaliza, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu European Economic Area (EEA).

Gawo 6: Pangani chilengezo ndikuzimitsa zomwe zikuwonekera pa CE

Wopanga, wolowetsa katundu kapena wogulitsa atakhutira kuti malonda awo akutsatira Malangizo oyenera, chilengezo cha EU chofananira chiyenera kumalizidwa kapena, pamakina ena omwe amalizidwa pansi pa Machinery Directive, chilengezo cha ECU chophatikizika.

Zofunikira pakukonzekera zimasiyana pang'ono, koma zikuphatikiza:

• Dzina ndi adilesi ya wopanga
• Tsatanetsatane wagulitsidwe (mtundu, malongosoledwe ndi nambala ya serial kumene ikufunika)
• Mndandanda wazitsogozo zamagawo zomwe zagwidwa
• Mawu olengeza kuti malonda agwirizana ndi zonse zofunikira
• Siginecha, dzina komanso udindo wa munthu wodalirika
• Tsiku lomwe chilengezocho chidasainidwa
• Zambiri za woyimira ovomerezedwa mu EEA (momwe zingafunikire)
• Zowongolera zowonjezera / zofunikira zina
• Muzochitika zonse, kupatula pa Dongosolo Lopangira PPE, Maupangiri onse akhoza kulengezedwa pachiwonetsero chimodzi.
• Chilengezo cha EU kuti chikwaniritsidwa, chitsiriziro chomaliza ndicho kukhazikitsira chizindikiro cha CE pachinthucho. Izi zikachitika, zofunikira za kuyimitsa za CE zakwaniritsidwa kuti malonda aziyika mwalamulo pamsika wa EEA.

Cholinga cha mavuto otetezedwa.

Chivomerezo cha EU chogwirizana

Lamulo la EU logwirizana liyenera kuphatikizapo: zambiri za wopanga (dzina ndi adilesi, ndi zina); zofunikira zomwe malonda amatsatira; miyezo iliyonse yaku Europe ndi magwiridwe antchito; ngati kuli kotheka nambala yodziwika ya bungwe lomwe ladziwitsidwa; ndi siginecha yovomerezeka m'malo mwa bungweli.

Magulu azogulitsa

Malangizo ofunikira kukhala ndi chizindikilo cha CE amakhudza magulu agululi:

• Chida chogwiritsa ntchito chamankhwala (sichimaphatikizapo zida za opaleshoni)
• Zida zimayaka mafuta amafuta
• Kukhazikitsa kwa cableway komwe kumapangidwa kunyamula anthu
• Zinthu zopanga
• Kapangidwe ka Eco pazinthu zokhudzana ndi mphamvu
• Kutengera kwa magetsi
• Zida ndi zoteteza zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga zomwe zingachitike
• Kuphulika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito boma
• Mabotolo amadzi otentha
• Mu vitro diagnostic zida zamakono
• Kutulutsa
• Mphamvu zamagetsi
• Machinery
• Zida Zoyeza
• Zipangizo zamankhwala
• Phokoso lotulutsa mpweya m'chilengedwe
• Zida zosalemera zokha
• Zida zoteteza
• Zida zopondera
• Zamgululi
• Makina a wailesi ndi ma televizioni
• Zosangalatsa
• Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zowopsa mumagetsi ndi zamagetsi RoHS 2
• Chitetezo cha zoseweretsa
• Zida zosavuta zowapanikiza

Kuzindikiridwa pakuwunika koyeserera

Pali mapangano ambiri pakati pa mgwirizano wapakati pa European Union ndi mayiko ena monga USA, Japan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand ndi Israel. Chifukwa chake, kuyika chizindikiro kwa CE tsopano kumapezeka pazinthu zambiri zochokera kumayiko awa. Japan ili ndi chizindikiro chake chotchedwa Technical Conformity Mark.

Switzerland ndi Turkey (omwe si mamembala a EEA) amafunikiranso zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale chizindikiro cha kutsatira.

Makhalidwe a CE polemba

• Chizindikiro cha CE chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga kapena woimira wake mu European Union malinga ndi mtundu wawo mwalamulo, moyenera komanso mopanda kanthu ku chinthucho.
• Wopanga akaika chizindikiritso cha CE pazinthu izi zikutanthauza kuti zimakwaniritsa Zofunikira zonse Zaumoyo ndi chitetezo pazitsogozo zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogulitsa zake.
  • Mwachitsanzo, pamakina, malangizo a Makinawa amagwiranso ntchito, koma nthawi zambiri:
    • Kuwongolera kwamagetsi ochepa
    • Malangizo a EMC
    • Nthawi zina malangizo kapena malangizo, mwachitsanzo, malangizo a ATEX
    • ndipo nthawi zina zofunikira mwalamulo.

Wopanga makina akaika chizindikiro cha CE, chimadzichitira chokha ndikuwonetsetsa, kuti chimapangitsa mayeso onse, kuwunika ndi kuwunika pamalonda kuti agwirizane ndi zonse zofunika ZONSE malangizo omwe akukhudzana ndi zomwe akupanga.

• Kuyika chizindikiro kwa CE kwakhazikitsidwa ndi bungwe la COUNCIL Directorate 93/68 / EEC ya 22 Julayi 1993 kukonza Malangizo 87/404 / EEC (zotengera zosavuta), 88/378 / EEC (chitetezo cha zoseweretsa), 89/106 / EEC (zopangira zomanga ), 89/336 / EEC (kuphatikizika kwa elekitiroma), 89/392 / EEC (makina), 89/686 / EEC (zida zoteteza), 90/384 / EEC (zida zosalemera zokha), 90/385 / EEC (zida zothira mankhwala) / 90 / EEC (zida zamagetsi zopangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa malire ena a magetsi)
• Kukula kwa chizindikiritso cha CE kuyenera kukhala osachepera 5 mm, ngati kukulitsidwa kukula kwake kuyenera kusungidwa
• Ngati maonekedwe ndi mapangidwe a chinthu sangalole kuti chizindikirocho cha CE chikhale pachinthucho, kuyikiratu kuyenera kukhomeredwa pachikuto chake kapena zikalata zatsatanetsatane.
• Ngati chitsogozo chikufuna kuti bungwe la Gulu Lodziwitsidwako lipereke ndondomeko yake, nambala ya chizindikirocho iyenera kuyikidwa kumbuyo kwa logo ya CE. Izi zimachitika pansi paudindo wa Thupi Lodziwitsidwa.

Chizindikiro

Pamagalimoto ndi zina, UNECE "e chizindikiro ”kapena“E mark ”, osati logo ya CE, ndiyomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi logo ya CE, zilembo za UNECE sizitsimikizira. Sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi chikwangwani cholemba pamakalata azakudya.

Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika

European Commission ikudziwa kuti kuyika chizindikiro ku CE, monga zizindikilo zina, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Kuyika chizindikiro cha CE nthawi zina kumakhala ndi zinthu zomwe sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zalamulo, kapena zimaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizikufunika. Nthawi ina zidanenedwa kuti "opanga aku China anali kutumiza zida zamagetsi zopangidwa mwaluso kuti apeze malipoti oyeserera, koma ndikuchotsa zosafunikira pakupanga kuti muchepetse ndalama". Kuyesa kwa zida 27 zamagetsi XNUMX zidapeza kuti onse asanu ndi atatu odziwika omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino adakwaniritsa chitetezo, koma palibe amene sanachite bwino kapena ali ndi mayina ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale anali ndi chizindikiro; Zipangizo zosavomerezeka kwenikweni zinali zosadalirika komanso zowopsa, zowonetsa ngozi zamagetsi ndi zamoto.

Palinso milandu momwe chinthucho chimagwirizana ndi zofunikira, koma mawonekedwe, kukula kwake, kapena kuchuluka kwa chizindikirocho sikunatchulidwe mu malamulo.

Mapulagini apakhomo ndi matako

Directive 2006/95 / EC, Directive ya "Low Voltage", imapatula (pakati pazinthu zina) mapulagi ndi masokosi kuti mugwiritse ntchito zapakhomo zomwe sizikukhudzidwa ndi chiwongolero chilichonse cha Union motero siziyenera kulembedwa. Mu EU monse, monga m'maiko ena, kayendetsedwe ka mapulagi ndi masokosi kuti mugwiritse ntchito zapakhomo Ayenela kutsatilidwa ndi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale izi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosaloledwa kwa CE kumatha kupezeka m'mapulagi komanso m'mabowo, makamaka omwe amatchedwa "mabasiketi apadziko lonse lapansi".

China Kutumiza

Chizindikiro chofananira ndi chizindikiro cha CE akuti chayimira China Kutumiza chifukwa opanga ena aku China amaigwiritsa ntchito pazogulitsa zawo. Komabe, European Commission ikunena kuti ichi ndi lingaliro lolakwika. Mlanduwu udakwezedwa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe mu 2008. Commissionyo idayankha kuti ikudziwa kuti kulibe chizindikiro chilichonse chopezeka ku "China China Kutumiza" ndikuti, powona, kusagwiritsa ntchito kolondola kwa CE pazogulitsa sikunagwirizane ndi ziwonetsero zolakwika za chizindikirocho, ngakhale machitidwe onsewa adachitika. Adakhazikitsa njira yolembetsa kuyika chizindikiro cha CE ngati chizindikiritso cha Gulu, ndipo amakambirana ndi akuluakulu aku China kuti awonetsetse kuti akutsatira malamulo aku Europe.

Zovomerezeka mwalamulo

Pali njira zomwe zikupezeka kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuyika chizindikiro kwa CE kumayikidwa bwino. Kuwongolera zinthu zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha CE ndiudindo wa akuluakulu aboma m'maiko mamembala, mogwirizana ndi European Commission. Nzika zitha kulumikizana ndi oyang'anira msika wadziko lonse ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa chizindikiritso cha CE kukayikiridwa kapena ngati chitetezo cha mankhwala chikukayikira.

Njira, magawo ndi zilango zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pobera chizindikiro cha CE zimasiyanasiyana kutengera malamulo oyendetsa ndi kuwalanga amitundu yonse. Kutengera kukula kwaumbanda, omwe akuyendetsa zachuma atha kulipidwa ndipo, nthawi zina, kumangidwa. Komabe, ngati malonda sawonedwa ngati chiwopsezo chotetezera, wopanga akhoza kupatsidwa mwayi wowonetsetsa kuti malonda ake akugwirizana ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito asanakakamizidwe kuchotsa pamsika.